ᠨᠡᠷᠡ:
ᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ
ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ:
ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ
ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ:
ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ:
ᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ︵ 1217——1265︶ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠮᠪᠤᠯᠤ᠂ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠥᠷᠦᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠢ᠋ ᠳᠠᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠩᠱᠤᠸᠠᠢ᠂ 13 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ 14 ᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠫᠧᠷᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠽᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠣᠨ︵1219︶ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠷᠦᠨᠡ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠤᠷᠸᠽᠮ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠫᠧᠷᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠠᠢᠽᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ︵ 1231︶ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠲᠡᠶ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠤᠷᠮᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠥᠷᠦᠨᠡ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠯᠳᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠲᠡᠶ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠥᠨᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠫᠧᠷᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠢ᠋ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ᠌ ᠭᠷᠦ᠋ᠽᠢᠶᠠ᠂ ᠠᠷᠮᠧᠨᠢᠶᠠ᠂ ᠷᠣᠮᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠡᠶᠡᠯᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠠᠢᠽᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ︵ 1235︶ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠤᠳᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠫᠧᠷᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨᠠ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠫᠧᠷᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠡᠶᠢ᠋᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠳ᠋ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠳᠦᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠽᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ︵1252︶ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠥᠷᠦᠨᠡ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠫᠧᠷᠰ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠷᠦᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠥᠷᠦᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠢ᠋ ᠳᠠᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠣᠢᠷᠠ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠢᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠮᠣᠷᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠠ᠋ᠴᠠ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠨᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠧᠷᠰ᠂ ᠺᠠᠰᠢᠮᠢᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠩᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ ᠥᠭᠴᠦ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠽᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ︵ 1252︶ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠢ᠍ᠮᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠨᠠᠢ᠍ᠮᠠᠨ ᠠᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠳᠠᠢᠪᠤᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ 1. 2 ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠩᠰᠠᠶ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠽᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ︵ 1256︶ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠤᠳᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠠᠲᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠽᠠᠨᠸᠧᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠫᠦ᠋ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠳᠠᠢᠪᠤᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠳᠠᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠬᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠴᠣᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠯᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠨᠠᠢ᠍ᠮᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠱᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ᠂ ᠡᠯᠴᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠡᠶᠢ᠋ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠷᠥᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠳᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠮᠦᠷᠡᠶᠢ᠋ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠴᠠ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠᠳᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠴᠦ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠣᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠳᠤᠰ ᠱᠠᠾᠢᠷᠢᠽ ᠴᠠᠢᠵᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢ᠍ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠮᠠᠢᠮᠤᠨᠳᠢᠰ ᠴᠠᠢᠵᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠴᠠᠢᠵᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠢᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠴᠢᠨᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠳᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠣᠭᠰᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠷᠥᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠳᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠥᠭᠴᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠴᠠᠢᠵᠠ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ᠌᠂ ᠷᠥᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠳᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠯᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠᠳ 10 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ᠂ ᠴᠠᠢᠵᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠨᠮᠣᠨᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯ ᠵᠠᠩᠵᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠥᠭᠴᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠪᠡ᠃ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠽᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ︵ 1257︶ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ᠋ᠶ᠋ᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠽᠠᠨᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠴᠡᠭᠴᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠴᠥᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ᠋ᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠮᠦᠷᠡᠶᠢ᠋ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠨ ᠰᠥᠨᠦᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᡁᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢ᠍ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠥᠭᠴᠢᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠦ ᠰᠠᠶᠢ48 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ4 ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ7 ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
Copyight 2016 by nmgmzw.gov.cn All Rights Reserved