ᠨᠡᠷᠡ:
ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠ
ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ:
ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ
ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ:
ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ:
ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠ ︵ 1237—— 1297 ︶ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠩᠵᠤᠨ᠂ ᠬᠢᠪᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠪᠠᠨᠲᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠃ ᠵᠦᠩ ᠲᠦᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠣᠨ︵1260︶ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠪᠦ᠋ᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠭᠡᠮ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠨᠣᠮᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠢ᠋ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠩᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠪᠠ᠃ ᡁᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠣᠨ ︵ 1277︶ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠤᠷ ︵ ᠰᠦᠢᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ︶᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢ︵ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ︶ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠤᠷ᠂ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠵᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠩᠬᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠠᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠭᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠴᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠳᠠᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠬᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠳᠡᠢᠯᠦᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠠ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠳᠤᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠤᠷ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠯᠤᠭᠠ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠨᠡᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ︵ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠ ᠯᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠣᠷᠬᠤᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠲᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠠ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ᠌ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠳᠠᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠥᠷᠦᠭᠡ ᠮᠠᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠦᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠪᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠳᠠᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠠᠬᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠰᠦᠯᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠲᠡᠶ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠢᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᡁᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ︵ 12N6︶ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠢᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠳᠣᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠬᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠦᠨᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠨᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠠ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠱᠣᠩᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠶᠡᠯᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠳᠠᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠳᠠᠨᠤᠰ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠳᠡᠢᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠤ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠳᠤᠰ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠨᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠷᠯᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠮᠪᠤᠯᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠤᠯ ᠨᠠᠮᠲᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ︵ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠷ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠬᠣᠨᠲᠣᠬᠠᠶ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠦᠨᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠢᠵᠢᠯᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠬᠣᠷᠬᠣᠰᠤᠨ︵ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠮᠪᠤᠯᠤ ︶ ᠢ ᠴᠣᠬᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠦᠢᠯᠡᠷ᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠡᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠯᠢᠶᠣᠣᠳᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠣᠯᠵᠠᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᡁᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ︵ 1289︶ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠮᠪᠤᠯᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠭᠠᠮᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠢᠳᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠳᠠᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠠᠮᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᡁᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠣᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠣᠨ ︵ 1292 ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨᠠ ᠬᠠᠢᠳᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢ 3000 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠶ ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠣᠯᠵᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠢᠷᠭᠢᠰ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠪᠠ᠃ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠦᠨᠢ ᠺᠢᠮ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠢᠳᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠶᠠᠷᠠᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠴᠣᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠯᠠᠨᠵᠧᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ 5 ᠠᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠠᠢᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠤ᠌ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠬᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠩᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠪᠠ᠃ ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠧ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠣᠨ ︵ 1297 ︶ ᠳᠤ 61 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠥᠭᠴᠢᠪᠡ᠃
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